A |
ADDł Technology |
Tensar-engineered solutions for waste disposal facilities to
- Maximize waste storage potential for new facilities during planning.
- Increase waste storage potential on already permitted areas.
ADD³ was derived from “Add cubic yards of capacity.”
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Aggregate |
| Sand, gravel, cobble and boulder size particles in well-defined mixtures used in paving, concrete and other applications where specified properties are needed. Aggregates are typically inorganic, natural (e.g. gravel), processed (e.g. crushed rock) or man-made (e.g. air-cooled blast furnace slag and expanded shale).
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Aggregate Base Course |
| Compacted layer of aggregate beneath a pavement.
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Aperture |
An opening, such as a hole, gap, or slit.
Example: A geogrid aperture is the opening formed during manufacturing, measured with calipers. The openings must be large enough to permit “strike through” of aggregate fill, but small enough to endure thorough interlocking with aggregate particles.
(See Geogrid) |
Asphalt Pavement |
A pavement consisting of a surface layer of mineral aggregate, coated and cemented together with asphalt cement on supporting layers.
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B |
Backfill |
| Earth or other material used to replace material removed during construction, such as in pipeline and culvert trenches and behind retaining walls.
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Backslope |
| The non-horizontal finish grade of soils behind a wall; typically expressed as horizontal distance to vertical height (2:1 backslope); used in engineering calculations, backslope increases the design load on a wall. Also referred to as top slope.
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Ballast |
| In railroads, gravel size material (normally an “aggregate”) in which the railroad ties are held and supported.
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Base Reinforcement |
| The use of a geosynthetic within the aggregate base course to enhance the performance of a pavement.
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Batter |
As applied to walls, the difference between the wall face alignment and vertical. Batter can be expressed in degrees or ratio (vertical:horizontal). A lean of the wall face towards the retained fill is considered a positive batter, while an outward lean is considered a negative batter.
Batter is often built into a wall by off-setting (or “setting back”) successive courses of a wall by a specified amount.
(See Setback)
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Biaxial (BX) |
- Having two axes; having strength in two directions.
- The two direction orientation of perforated cast sheet or cast net, usually at a 90 degree angle to the first orientation direction.
Example: Biaxial (BX) Geogrid (Polymeric grid material that carries loads applied in two directions in the plane of the geogrid; generally used below paved surfaces where traffic causes radial stresses).
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Biodegradable |
| Capable of being decomposed by biological organisms or processes.
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Breakwater |
| An offshore structure generally aligned parallel to the shore (sometimes connected to the shore) designed to protect the shoreline from waves.
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C |
Calendaring |
| Smoothing or polishing a sheet of polymer between revolving rollers.
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Chemical Stabilization |
Making something stronger or less affected by outside conditions with the addition of chemicals.
Example: Lime and cement are used for Chemical Stabilization of soils.
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Compaction |
| The densification of a soil by a mechanical process.
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Composite Turf Reinforcement Mat |
A rolled erosion control product composed of non-degradable synthetic fibers, filaments, nets, wire mesh and/or other elements, processed into a permanent, three-dimensional matrix of sufficient thickness. Composite Turf Reinforcement Mats (C-TRM), which may be supplemented with degradable components, are designed to impart immediate erosion protection, enhance vegetation establishment and provide long-term functionality by permanently reinforcing vegetation during and after maturation.
Note: C-TRMs are typically used in hydraulic applications, such as high flow ditches and channels, steep slopes, stream banks and shorelines, where erosive forces may exceed the limits of natural, un-reinforced vegetation or in areas where limited vegetation establishment is anticipated.
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Contour Line |
| An imaginary line, or its representation on a map, following all points at the same elevation above or below a given datum.
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Core Fill |
| Defines the granular rock material used in the open cell of the retaining wall units and the zone directly behind the wall. Core fill has the ability to free flow water while providing friction in the wall.
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Cross Section |
| A diagram of an element of construction showing the position of the components inside the normally visible face, as in a slice of a layered cake.
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Culvert |
| Any structure not classified as a bridge that provides a waterway or other opening under a road.
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D |
Detention Basin (Dry Pond) |
| An area made to collect storm water runoff from a management system for the purpose of reducing peak flow and controlling rate of flow. A retention basin can be defined as having a permanent pool, whereas, a detention basin is normally dry.
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Down Slope |
The area directly in front of, and below, a retaining wall, expressed in horizontal distance to vertical distance (4:1 down slope). Impacts retaining wall engineering design.
(See Horizontal Line to Daylight)
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Drain Inlet |
| A grate on top of a pipe riser that allows water runoff to enter directly into a drain pipe.
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Drainage |
- The act or process of draining using a system of man-made or natural conveyances.
- Interception and removal of surface or groundwater.
- Conveyance of unwanted water from one point to another.
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Drainage Zone |
The zone immediately behind a retaining wall that is designed to free flow water from the retaining wall and its surroundings. Designed to relieve associated pressure build-up and to not be prone to clogging.
(See Unit Drainage Fill and Geosynthetic)
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Drilled Shaft Foundation |
| A deep foundation system constructed by placing concrete in holes drilled into the earth by specialized equipment. Hole diameters commonly range from 2.5 to 10 ft. and lengths from 10 to 150 ft. or more. Deep foundations are used when soil at shallow depth cannot support structural loads.
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E |
Embedment |
| The buried depth requirements of a retaining wall where sufficient “Horizontal Line to Daylight” is maintained. Embedment is included in total wall height.
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Erosion |
| Detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice or gravity.
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Erosion Control Blanket |
| A temporary degradable rolled erosion control product composed of processed natural or polymer fibers mechanically, structurally or chemically bound together to form a continuous matrix to provide erosion control and facilitate vegetation establishment.
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